Health traditions model by Leininge, Rachel Spector Research Paper

Wellbeing conventions model by Leininge, Rachel Spector - Research Paper Example This exploration will start with the explanation that Health Traditional Model (HTM) went to the presence in 1994 when wellbeing custom workers were flooding Ellis Island. This model discussions about the transcultural idea that happens in nursing care and it is relevant to all the projects in nursing instruction that are authorized by nursing programs. Wellbeing custom model consolidates a hypothesis by Ester and Zitzow on how individual’s lifestyle mirrors the customary culture that he/she originates from. In this model, legacy consistency alludes to the level wherein one’s way of life mirrors the innate culture that he/she originates from. The model spotlights on various conventional societies for various ethnic sets, for instance, the Africans, Europeans, and Hispanics. In the model, Spector utilizes a comprehensive wellbeing idea to find strategies that individuals apply for them to reestablish and think about their wellbeing. The model gives a connection between p hysical, profound and emotional wellness with mindful and reestablishing wellbeing. This model expresses that for one to have the option to hold physical wellbeing, he/she should utilize the conventional dress and food that the way of life suggests. So as to shield psychological wellness of an individual, one needs to get passionate and public consideration from the network everywhere and relatives. In wellbeing convention model, Spector gives an instrument to evaluate legacy for one to realize the level that individuals remain by their customs and the manner in which they watch their cultures.... So as to defend psychological wellness of an individual, one needs to get passionate and common consideration from the network everywhere and relatives (Sagar, 2011) In wellbeing custom model, Spector gives a device to evaluate legacy for one to realize the level that individuals remain by their conventions and the manner in which they watch their societies. She reasons that, conventional individuals are all the more near their customary societies contrasted with acculturated individuals who separation their conventional practices. Spector contends social ability by stressing its relationship with culture along with destitution, socioeconomics and migration. She demands that for one to be a certified culture care, he/she ought to secure demeanor and abilities for fantastic liberation of the administrations (Sagar, 2011) In the model, Spector orchestrates social decent variety associated with wellbeing along with sickness in four parts. These bits include social competency foundation; wellbeing, infection and culture; convictions that a given network practices and issues influencing their wellbeing; and applying social information when all is said in done medicinal services. Spector looks at custom to a weight that everybody conveys all through her/his entire life and hands it over to the accompanying age. Each weight has convictions, which are substantial or not, along with contrasting qualities relying upon the foundation of his/her convictions. As indicated by this model, culture shows different things that a given gathering of individuals shares. For instance, it might show that they share geographic starting point, strict conviction, regional, race and food of inclination (Sagar, 2011). Why I pick Health customary model I pick the wellbeing conventional Model in light of the fact that as a nursing understudy, I think the model will

Jonathan Franzen - the Discomfort Zone free essay sample

An individual History examiners of one keeps an eye on character by V Jonathan Franzens The Discomfort Zone is basically an assortment of Franzens expositions distributed in The New Yorker that manage issues, life time encounters, both social and enthusiastic part of the creators life. This exposition will concentrate primarily on Franzens efficacious endeavor to make a self representation and simultaneously make it intelligible and exhaustive such that anybody could adapt to the issues and encounters he had during his development. The book contains six articles : House available to be purchased, Two Ponies, Then Joy Breaks Through, Centrally Located, The Foreing Language and My Bird Problem which are written in a self-portraying, sequential way that empowers the peruser to follow his life from youth, puberty to his development. In the firts segment of the book, entitled House available to be purchased, Jonathan comes back to his family home in St. We will compose a custom article test on Jonathan Franzen the Discomfort Zone or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Louis after his moms demise, in endeavor to sell the house wher he went through the vast majority of his time on earth. Here is the place Franzen shows his clever and funny brain, paying little heed to how genuine and grevious the situtaion is : ЂÃ'›I experienced the house and stripped the family photographs out of each room. Id been anticipating do this nearly as much regarding my beverage. My mom had been excessively connected to the custom of her lounge and lounge area to mess them with snaphots, yet somewhere else each wndowsill and each table-top was a whirlpool in which economically encircled photographs had gathered. (4) He thinks about his moms house to a novel which she persistently revamped and adjusted consistently. When discussing his moms lifetime battle to keep everything inside and outside the house all together, he feels the despairing nd disappointment with the manner in which things finished. On one hand he needed the house to be sold and even disdained it , however on the other, as he says : Ã'› Id grown out of the novel Id once been so glad to live in, and how little I even thought about the last deal cost. (25) Franzen additionally figured out how to fit a portion of his political a social thoughts and assessments in this segment. He discusses the social circumstance in America during his youth which was formed by the possibility that the center average workers would consistently feel the obligation to its general public. He reexamines both liberal and traditionalist political idea of the time eing and places himself in the Ã'›middle: substantial, skinlike, mash smelling masses that reglued themselves to my dads work boots, there was only my family and house and church and school and work. (15) In Two Ponies we follow the life of Jonathan as a multi year old kid and his appearance on both family life and current social circumstances around him. The initial piece of this area really gives a clue about the connections inside the Franzen family. He was growing up close by his two siblings, Tom and Bob, whom he acknowledged and regarded vastly. As indicated by Jonathan, Tom is a genuine delegate of the social scourge of that time, a defiant youthful who fled from home in a quest for his own character: Ã'› Late teenagers in rural areas like our own had out of nowhere gone wild, fleeing to different urban communities to engage in sexual relations and not ot head off to college, ingesting each substance they could get.. For some time, the guardians were so scared thus embarrassed that every family, especilly mine, isolated itself and endured without anyone else Toms bed, perfectly made, was the bed of a child carted away by the scourge. (32) notwithstanding being a youngster, Jonathan can give solace to his mom in times she felt misery and disgrace in light of Toms leaving. He is in this manner unconciously developing his passionate quality and simultaneously holding with his mom more than ever. The unquenchable fixation on Charles M. Schulzs Ã'›Peanut Treasury is unconventional on occasion. As he carries on with an existence of a very superb understudy, he quite often and at all events looks at his neighborhood, school, companions, family with the Ã'›Peanuts. In his dream and in his fantasies he turned into a piece of that funny cartoon. In The Washington Post survey Birds on the Brain An author uncovered his life as a geek, Bob Ivry composed : Ã'›ln that agitated season, Franzen looked for comfort in a private, serious connection with Snoopy and the remainder of the Peanuts group. The adult Franzen can perceive any reason why his pre-high schooler mint-me would recognize so fanatically, and the explanation is no less grievous for its conventionality: Nobody grows up, or separated, in a funny cartoon. Charlie Brown speaks to an on going motivation for Franzen. The world as he knew it was formed by the thoughts from the very character. A significant number of his school exercises esemble a ton to the tales in Ã'›Peanut Treasury, for example, the spelling honey bee, where he really discovered he was a lot of serious and delighted in uncovering his extraordinary information and his Ã'›geek soul to other people. ЂÃ'›Our minds resemble visual artists and kid's shows resemble our cerebrums, disentangling and misrepresenting, subjecting facial detail to extract comic ideas. (40) Jonathan cherishes comic books and kid's shows the same amount of as some other youngster his age, yet not at all like others, looking for another, better reality, he Ã'›sticks aro und much more than others, abnormally up till end of his youthful years. It is in this segment Franzen mentiones the Ã'›Comfort Zone , the indoor regulator mother and him. At that point Joy Breaks Through is one of the fascinating pieces of the book where Jonathan is in his pre-adult years and is opposing the regular high school enticements. Jonathan joins a gathering of youngsters called Ã'›Fellowship which was supported by the First Congregational Church. During an end of the week retreat with the Ã'›Fellowship the kids are occupied with various exercises typicall for such outdoors trips, but on the other hand are charmed by different enticements (drugs, alcohol,sex and so forth) which are clearly prohibited. Be that as it may, all Jonathan concernes about is the way to keep away from Ã'›Social Death and not confronting the embarasement in the event that somebody discovered his moms letter where she tended to him as Ã'›Dearest Jonathan.

Admitted Student Message Board Reminder COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Admitted Student Message Board Reminder COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is just a reminder to admitted students that you can access an Internet Message Board to interact with current SIPA students and with other admitted students.   Information on how to log in are contained on the Welcome Page referenced in the Admission Letter.   At present only a small number of admitted students have logged in and this should be a good resource for getting some of your questions answered. We are working on getting out our last small group of decisions so if you have yet to receive an email, hang in there.

Autism Is A Pervasive, Lifelong Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Autism is a pervasive, lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder or disability that is behaviourally described. It is often presented early on in the individuals life and affects how they communicates with and relate to other people. The term Autism was first coined by doctor and Austrian American psychiatrist Leo Kanner in the 1940’s (Kanner, 1943). The naming of this disorder has changed many times over the years from Childhood Schizophrenia to Psychosis to Pervasive Developmental Disorder, which has led it to land on the current language; ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’. It is important to understand that we are labelling the individuals with Autism as such after looking at symptoms and trying to define them because it becomes necessary for diagnosis as well as to provide services. Autism was first included in the DSM-III 30 years ago which was when we first recognised Autism as a distinctive category. Since then it has undergone a series of changes, one of which is the revised DSM-III in 1987 that first provided the inclusion of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. These continuous changes are normal and needed within the diagnostic criteria, and as research continues, it is likely that changes will occur in the future. The revised DSM-5 Criteria for Autism spectrum disorder defines and classifies the disorder not solely on the presence of impairments or deficits, but also by the severity to which these impairments are present (American PsychiatricShow MoreRelatedSoar Research Paper: Theories Of Autism. Autism Is Known1454 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of Autism Autism is known as a profound neural development disorder marked by an inability to communicate and interact with others. In many families, there appears to be a pattern of autism or related disabilities, further supporting the theory that the disorder has a genetic basis. (Autism and Neurodevelopment) While no one gene has been identified as causing autism, researchers are searching for irregular segments of genetic code that children with autism may have inherited. Autism symptomsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1389 Words   |  6 Pages Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism is a form of â€Å"ASD,† Autism Spectrum disorder and is experienced all around the world. Autism is a developmental disorder that consists of many neurodevelopmental disorders of the brain. People with autistic disorder think and act in different ways than most people. There are many different forms of autism spectrum disorder that include the pervasive development disorder, Asperger syndrome, and autistic disorder. These disorders are called spectrum disorders becauseRead MoreWhat Do We Know About Autism Spectrum Disorder?1390 Words   |  6 PagesAbout Autism Spectrum Disorder? Actress Holly Robinson Peete once stated, â€Å"I m not a doctor or scientist. I m just a mom. But I do think there s a genetic predisposition, and there are environmental triggers. I feel like that combination, in my child s case, is what resulted in autism.† Holly Robinson could have not said it in a better way. What is the cause of autism? Is autism solely caused by genetics or a combination of genetics and environmental influences? What does make up autism spectrumRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1801 Words   |  8 PagesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted, repetitive behavior (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), and is associated with impairments in executive functions. Autism Spectrum Disorder is also defined as a group of disorders that impair an individual’s ability to understand and engage in the give-and-take of social relationships. (Boyd, 2015) Autism is a well-knownRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism1544 Words   |  7 PagesAUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER â€Å"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development.† Those with autism may have a number of difficulties such as in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of autism, and how you can helpRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism )2850 Words   |  12 Pagesto know about autism, but like any medical phenomenon there is still more to be learned and discovered. This paper incorporates the research of various studies in accordance to the distinguished disorder known as Autism. It is also referred to, interchangeably with classic autism as well as autism spectrum disorder. The title represents the paper’s goal in classifying autism as the word spectrum is used to classify something but it also shares the name with autism spectrum disorder. The intro alsoRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism1569 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development.† Those with autism may have a number of developmental difficulties such as problems with social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of autism, and how you can helpRead MoreThe Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1636 Words   |  7 Pagesm Spectrum Disorder This paper will cover many aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder, also commonly known as ASD. It will identify reginal, national and global statistics of the occurrence of ASD, predisposing factors, usual signs and symptoms of ASD, and tests used for diagnosis. It will also analyze both medical, surgical and psychosocial aspects of the care needed by patients with ASD, interdisciplinary interventions, comorbidities commonly associated with Autism, and the prognosis of these patientsRead MoreThe Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism )1826 Words   |  8 PagesAutism is also known as classical autism as well as an autism spectrum disorder or ASD. Classical autism is one of the five types of autism spectrum disorders in which all are developmental brain disorders. The development disability challenges children to have social, communication and language problems and a limited range of activities and interests. The other types of autism spectrum disorder include Asperger syndrome, childhood di sintegrative disorder, Rett syndrome, and pervasive developmentalRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1998 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most researched child disorders. It affects every 1 in 100 people, affecting 4 times the amount of boys than it does girls. ASD can be detected in children as early as 18 months and is a lifelong condition affecting the social and communitive interactions in child’s life. Autism affects every person differently and to a different degree of severity. The symptoms of Autism present differently in each case and differ in development. The understanding

My First Love Is Doing Business - 904 Words

My first love was doing business. With my family operating a restaurant when I was a child, I unconsciously learned how to run an operation and deal with customers within the business surroundings. It would be easy to trace its origins back to my mother, who was a restaurant manager, and while she definitely encouraged me, I had a natural drive to unlock the power of doing business, which gave me a lens through which to view the world around me. During the summer of my junior year in high school, I hosted my first charity bazaar, a charity sale for self-customized T-shirts for a local orphanage that sponsored by my high school. Given much advance publicity, I did well at the sale, making over $100 in an hour. That accomplishment made me realize my passion toward marketing and motivated me to pursue a Bachelor degree in Business Management during my undergraduate studies. When I enrolled at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), marketing was my core interest: it has provided numerous opportunities for hands-on experience from class projects, such as predictive analytics with software like SPSS and Tableau, and strategic case analysis with marketing tools like SWOT and Porter’s five force. In addition, with my supporting minor in psychology, I also gain a psychological perspective and deeply understand how customers are attracted to, and persuaded to, purchase merchandise as well as how companies build lasting relationships with those customers. Besides, after taking aShow MoreRelatedThe Study of Beauty: Cosmetology Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesinner creativity. That is one of the many reason I love this line of work, because when I do hair it lets me express myself while creating a hairstyle of my own. The first time I started doing hair was when I was about 10 or 11, I was a natural! I want to be able to know my clients and exactly what w ill look right on my clients and read people, so I would know what they do like just by talking to them. I need to learn to separate family from business. I do know some things about this field I beforeRead MoreMarketing And Strategy Execution Of The Social Media Space935 Words   |  4 PagesThrough past internships, I discovered my passion for digital marketing. Although I found my previous work experience to be extremely valuable, I was only offered the opportunity to gain experience about marketing strategy execution in the social media space. Moving forward, I want to expand the breadth of my digital knowledge and learn more about new digital marketing strategies. I want to be a part of an organization that will offer me opportunities to learn and challenge me to grow, and I feelRead MoreImplementing A Workable Business Plan1428 Words   |  6 Pagesinsightful. He began by saying that you need two things in the very beginning, you have to have a concept that makes sense, and it needs to be something that people want. After you have those two things he said to make a workable business plan. The next step after the business plan is to find a team of people that are capable of carrying out that plan. He went on to add that it is harder to find a good team than it is to find a good plan in early businesses. Lots of good plans out there, but not thatRead MoreEssay On Launching A Small Business1111 Words   |  5 PagesYour Own Small Business The new century has brought upon the most advanced consumer products that are simply magical. The smartest man from only a few decades ago could never imagined that a hunk of metal, electricity, and glass the size of a wallet could give the average American access to all of the worlds documented information. Technology has shaped the world at an alarming rate, it is a crazy time to be alive. 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Hospitality Industry Knowledge Free Essays

Hospitality Industry Knowledge 1. List six sources of current industry information: – Media: Such as newspapers, television, magazines and radio. The media publicises current information, trends developing and any government initiatives. We will write a custom essay sample on Hospitality Industry Knowledge or any similar topic only for you Order Now – Customers: By doing customer questionnaires this can inform enterprises as to what they need to improve, as well as which staff are working well. – Information services: For example the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Tourism NSW (all these services are provided by the government) and provide a whole range of issues within the industry. Internet: Sites such as The World Tourism Organisation (WTO) provide information on environmental issues and trends frequently. Anyone can publish anything on the internet, so it is important to check that the information sourced is credible and correct. – Industry Journals: (Also known as trade magazines) are not available from local industries and usually require a subscription, as they are extremely valuable sources of current information. Within the either national / international journals hospitality positions are advertised, trends are addressed and practices of various enterprises are shown. Training courses: May eit her be on-site or off-site, and provide the opportunity for staff to experience specific training in a chosen area. 2. Differentiate between primary and secondary sources of information: A primary source is when information is gathered first hand, whereas secondary source is when the information is gathered from a source that has already conducted the research. 3. Indentify the basic research skills that are required when researching: It is important to recognise that the source is credible and that it is of relevance. . List three channels that may be used to disseminate information once collected: Media, Internet and customers. 5. Explain the importance of updating hospitality industry knowledge: Updating hospitality industry knowledge ensures quality service is maintained and the customer’s needs are constantly being met. 6. Analyse recent government initiatives affecting the hospitality industry: Government initiatives are acts by the government that result in a number of impacts on the industry. Promoting Australia’s image overseas: In campaigns such as â€Å"where the bloody hell are you? † and ‘Australia week’ in the USA; and enhances Australians quality of life as well as boosting tourism in regional areas. – Australian tourism industry: Over $600 million was allocated to the Australian tourism industry in the 2004/05 federal budget. The government set up a new body in 2004, ‘Tourism Australia’, having $120 million allocated to the body in 2004 in order to market Australia internationally as a holiday destination over the following years. To market tourism within regional areas of Australia, an extra $45 million was allocated. – The federal government is now taking on apprentices (New Apprenticeship’s Scheme). This will help with the costs accompanying training new apprentices and offers and encourages employers to take on new enterprises. By introducing these further funds for enterprises, it has also allowed students to take on a part-time apprenticeship whilst attending school, as well as enabling more flexibility for those wishing to pursue a career in commercial cooking. Obesity: This issue has been constantly reported via the media, statistics stating that now over 50% of the Australian population are overweight. This is a result of certain lifestyle changes: individuals are now less active, have increased their consumption of fatty/high energy foods, and often resort to fast food because they believe they do not have enough time to cook themselves. The health problems connected to being overweight have placed a lot of pressure on the health system. This has resulted in the government introducing healthy eating campaigns and new school canteen food requirements. Farmer kits: Was launched by the Federal Minister for Tourism in 2003: ‘Farm and Country Tourism on your Property: Assessment Tool’ These kits were for families looking to enter the agricultural tourism industry and enables them to see whether or not their farm is suitable. 7. Explain recent trends in emerging markets and the importance of internet presence for business: The Internet has enabled the hospitality industry to access a wider market, allowing budding customers to view the available products and services of different enterprises, and to make a booking online. Internet booking have increased dramatically over the past few years (due to the ‘technically savvy’ Y-Generation) and has resulted in an increase in competitiveness between hospitality enterprises. 8. Analyse the impact of social issues on the hospitality industry: Some enterprises choose to become involved with the community by doing things such as participating in community fundraising (e. g. providing a complimentary meal) or by contributing left-over food to charities. The obesity epidemic has also caused the hospitality industry to provide healthier menus, so that consumers now have the option of having either fatty or healthier food. Doing so has caused the face of the hospitality industry to change, as they are no longer regarded as selling only fatty foods. Racial tensions were a result of the Cronulla Riots in Sydney. A number of businesses were closed down, and when re-opened were not able to operate due to a lack of customers. Due to an increase in intoxication and binge drinking licensed premises must ensure they do not serve intoxicated people, as intoxicated people are more likely to commit crimes. The government has responded to this by introducing curfews and lockouts within problem areas. They have also raised the price on Alco-pops to discourage young people from drinking excessively. 9. Outline factors that have caused expansion within the industry: Factors that have caused expansion within the industry include: – International sporting events: attracts a large number of short-term visitors – Cultural events: attract people to specific regions – Seasonal influences: increased travel during holidays, in particular the Christmas and summer holiday period – New liquor licensing laws: may encourage more small bars to open – Medical tourism: hospitality provides forming partnership with hospitals 10. Outline factors that have caused retraction within the industry: – An oversupply of facilities after the 2000 Sydney Olympics – Incidents (such as war on Iraq, tsunami, SARS) resulted in less abroad people travelling to Australia, although inbound tourism did increase – Competition among enterprises caused them to slash their prices (reduced profit) – World oil prices increased which resulted in airline tickets increasing and households to restrict their extra spending money (due to increased cost in petrol) – Rising food prices caused higher menu prices, which may deter customers from dining out – Credit crisis 1. Describe current labour issues and their impacts on enterprises: – Labour turnover: Employee’s left with few hours during the quieter months may choose to leave and find alternative employment. The cost of losing / replacing staff members is quite substantial and costs thousands per employee. – Shortage of qual ified chefs: result of more students staying to year 12 rather than leaving in year 10 – Hiring staff with illegal visa statuses – Paid unjustly: a number of employee’s in the industry are unaware of their rights and may be paid lower wages 2. Explain technological issues affecting the hospitality industry: – Has improved the delivery of customer service and impacted on the delivery of training – Systems and procedures are now more efficient and has reduced many errors and has enabled service to be provided more timely. – Addressed skills shortages by allowing individuals to complete training courses in a more flexible environment through registered training organisations on-line. How to cite Hospitality Industry Knowledge, Essay examples

LANDFILLS Essays - Waste Management, Landfill, Anaerobic Digestion

LANDFILLS Solid waste is the term that civil engineers use to refer to what most of us call garbage. Municipal solid waste is most familiar to us. It comes from households, institutions, and small businesess. These solid wastes enter the solid-waste stream, and the flow never ceases. While many normal activities are suspended during weekends and holidays, the flow of garbage is non-stop. Some holidays, such as Christmas, create an enormous wave of solid waste. There are essentially four ways to deal with garbage: 1) recycle it into something that can be used again, 2) dump it, 3) burn it, or 4) reduce the source of material products (such as packaging) in order to eliminate future garbage. Throughout history, dumping has been the preferred means of disposal. Today, landfills are America's primary method for the disposal of garbage. Approximately 40 to 50 percent of everything we throw away is paper. Newspapers account for as much as 18 percent of the volume in a landfill. Grass clippings and raked-up leaves account for nearly 20 percent of our waste. Much of the notion that biodegradation takes place within a landfill is a myth. Some food and yard debris degrade at a very slow rate, but the remainder of the garbage in landfills seems to retain its original form, weight, and volume. Even after being buried in a landfill for several years, the print on newspapers remains legible. Landfills also contain a considerable amount of hazardous waste. Today, pesticides, cleansers, and motor oil are commonly found in most households. Many of these find their way to the trash. Therefore, landfills must be designed for the safe disposal of hazardous household waste. Currently, there is a critical shortage of landfills, expecially in the northeastern United States. It is estimated that 40 percent of the landfills now in use will close down within five years. The reason the percentage is so high is that most landfills are designed to be in use for only about ten years. Many landfills now closing are open dumps. Rain and groundwater trickle through the trash and dissolve metals and other chemicals. This toxic liquid, called leachate, can ooze into the ground and contaminate nearby wells and streams. In sanitary landfills, daily deposits of fresh garbage are covered with a layer of dirt or plastic or both. However, sanitary landfills can still exude leachate into the water table. In new sanitary landfills, the basin is often lined with clays and impermeable plastic sheets to keep the leachate in. While so many of the country's landfills are closing down in the next several years, solid-waste engineers face tremendous challenges to properly seal, salvage, and monitor some of the nation's most contaminated dumps. The use of sanitary landfills presents several additional challenges beyond safety and efficiency. One major problem is cost. It is often necessary to transport garbage several hundred miles to an available landfill. The cost for transporting garbage to a landfill can be excessive. An even bigger problem is location. Even if the landfill does not leak pollutants or foul the air, no one wants a landfill for a neighbor. Consequently, the old landfills are not being replaced. Due to the critical shortage of landfills and the concerns about their safety, environmental consciousness has been raised. There is a growing awareness of the need to improve the environment and become less dependent on landfills. We must finds ways to reduce waste, and we must find ways to convert waste into something that can be used again. Source reduction offers a real and lasting contribution toward solving our nation's solid waste problem and conserving landfill space. Talk to your legislators, both federal and state, about this genuine method of reducing the volume of garbage. LANDFILLS Essays - Waste Management, Landfill, Anaerobic Digestion LANDFILLS Solid waste is the term that civil engineers use to refer to what most of us call garbage. Municipal solid waste is most familiar to us. It comes from households, institutions, and small businesess. These solid wastes enter the solid-waste stream, and the flow never ceases. While many normal activities are suspended during weekends and holidays, the flow of garbage is non-stop. Some holidays, such as Christmas, create an enormous wave of solid waste. There are essentially four ways to deal with garbage: 1) recycle it into something that can be used again, 2) dump it, 3) burn it, or 4) reduce the source of material products (such as packaging) in order to eliminate future garbage. Throughout history, dumping has been the preferred means of disposal. Today, landfills are America's primary method for the disposal of garbage. Approximately 40 to 50 percent of everything we throw away is paper. Newspapers account for as much as 18 percent of the volume in a landfill. Grass clippings and raked-up leaves account for nearly 20 percent of our waste. Much of the notion that biodegradation takes place within a landfill is a myth. Some food and yard debris degrade at a very slow rate, but the remainder of the garbage in landfills seems to retain its original form, weight, and volume. Even after being buried in a landfill for several years, the print on newspapers remains legible. Landfills also contain a considerable amount of hazardous waste. Today, pesticides, cleansers, and motor oil are commonly found in most households. Many of these find their way to the trash. Therefore, landfills must be designed for the safe disposal of hazardous household waste. Currently, there is a critical shortage of landfills, expecially in the northeastern United States. It is estimated that 40 percent of the landfills now in use will close down within five years. The reason the percentage is so high is that most landfills are designed to be in use for only about ten years. Many landfills now closing are open dumps. Rain and groundwater trickle through the trash and dissolve metals and other chemicals. This toxic liquid, called leachate, can ooze into the ground and contaminate nearby wells and streams. In sanitary landfills, daily deposits of fresh garbage are covered with a layer of dirt or plastic or both. However, sanitary landfills can still exude leachate into the water table. In new sanitary landfills, the basin is often lined with clays and impermeable plastic sheets to keep the leachate in. While so many of the country's landfills are closing down in the next several years, solid-waste engineers face tremendous challenges to properly seal, salvage, and monitor some of the nation's most contaminated dumps. The use of sanitary landfills presents several additional challenges beyond safety and efficiency. One major problem is cost. It is often necessary to transport garbage several hundred miles to an available landfill. The cost for transporting garbage to a landfill can be excessive. An even bigger problem is location. Even if the landfill does not leak pollutants or foul the air, no one wants a landfill for a neighbor. Consequently, the old landfills are not being replaced. Due to the critical shortage of landfills and the concerns about their safety, environmental consciousness has been raised. There is a growing awareness of the need to improve the environment and become less dependent on landfills. We must finds ways to reduce waste, and we must find ways to convert waste into something that can be used again. Source reduction offers a real and lasting contribution toward solving our nation's solid waste problem and conserving landfill space. Talk to your legislators, both federal and state, about this genuine method of reducing the volume of garbage.

Wild Turkey Essays - Game Birds, Poultry, Bird Anatomy, Free Essays

Wild Turkey Essays - Game Birds, Poultry, Bird Anatomy, Free Essays Wild Turkey The wild turkey, the largest game bird in North America, is related to pheasants, quail, and grouse. It is found throughout the United States, except for Alaska, and in parts of Canada and Mexico. There are five recognized sub-species, which vary slightly, in color and size. The male wild turkey, called the tom or the gobbler, is a large robust bird weighing upt o 30 pounds and standing as high as four feet tall. His body color is brownish black with a metallic, iridescent sheen. The head and neck, nearly bald, vary from white to blue to red. Bright red, fleshy bumps, called carnucles, droop from the front and sides of the neck, and a fleshy flap of skin, called a dewlap, is attached to the throat and neck. A fingerlike protrusion called a snood hangs over the front of the beak. When the tom is alert, the snood constricts and projects vertically as a fleshy bump at the top rear of the beak. A clump of long, coarse hairs, called a beard, protrudesfrom the front of the tom's breast and may grow as long as 12 inches on older birds. Each leg has a spur on it; these spurs are small and rounded on young birds; long, pointed and usually very sharp on older birds. The male is called a gobbler for a good reason:his rattling, deep-toned call is one of the most recognizable sounds in all of nature. At mating time, toms gobble with full-volume gusto, attempting to attract hens for breeding. Adult males display for hens by fanning their tail feathers, puffing up their body feathers and dragging their wings as they strut. Their heads and neck turn bright red during breeding season or when the tom is otherwise excited. Adult females, or hens, are considerably smaller than toms, rarely weighing more than 10 to 12 pounds. Their overall body color is duller than themale's and lacks his metallic, iridescent sheen. The hen's head and neck are usually blue-grey color and sparsely covered with small, dark feathers. Caruncles are sometimes present, but smaller than those on toms. Some hens grow small beards and spurs. Although they dont gobble, hens make a variety of cluck, purr, cutt and yelp sounds. Dominant hens may assert thenselves with a display resembling that of a male, though they do not strut. Juvenile birds mature quickly. By their fifth month, the juvenile male(jake) and juvenile female(jenny) closely resemble adult birds. However, juveniles have dark legs, which turn pink as the birds age. Jakes make feeble gobbles, higher pitch than the calls of mature toms. Their beards are shorter in length and usually have amber colored tips. With its powerful legs, the wild turkey is and exceptional runner, and has been clocked at speeds up to 12 mph. Although strong short- distance flier, turkeys usually run when threatened. When necessary for escape, turkeys launch thenselves with a standing leap or a running start to accelerateto 35 mph in a matter of seconds. They cannot remain in the air for more than a few hundred yards, but can glide for half a mile or more when coasting down from a ridge. Regardless of region, wild turkeys require three elements if they are to survive, water, trees, and open grassy areas, Turkeys may be found in areas where one or more of these elements is in short supply, but the population is unlikly to flourish. Throughout most of their range

Story-Writing Masterclass 10 Tips for the Perfect Piece of Fiction - Freewrite Store

Story-Writing Masterclass 10 Tips for the Perfect Piece of Fiction - Freewrite Store With the rise of self-publishing on platforms like Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing and Lulu.com, it’s never been easier to realize your dreams of becoming a published author. You can publish with Amazon - both paperback and Kindle editions - for zero cost. There’s nothing holding you back from seeing your name in print. But the availability of self-publishing for all isn’t an entirely positive thing. With no quality checks, no requirements for your books to be edited, and no painstaking procedure of submitting to publishing companies (and waiting for the inevitable rejections), there’s much less pressure on would-be authors to spend time really honing their craft. That is a travesty. Don’t be one of those writers who, just because you don’t have to worry about publishers rejecting your novel, cut corners in the writing process. Your (potential) readers deserve so much more. That’s why, in this masterclass article, I’m going to share with you my ten top tips for the perfect piece of fiction - drawing on the wisdom of some of the greatest bestselling authors of all time. 1.The Glint of Light on Broken Glass The great 19th-century Russian story-teller, Anton Chekhov famously advised: â€Å"Don’t tell me the moon is shining; show me the glint of light on broken glass.† You will, of course, recognize the cornerstone piece of advice that every fiction writer reads in every single book on writing: show, don’t tell.  Ã‚  It’s not a secret, it’s not new or revolutionary, so why is it still at the top of my list? Because it’s the single most important piece of advice a writer needs. It doesn’t matter whether you’re starting your first short story or you’ve got twenty novels under your belt, if you forget this rule, you’ll let your readers down. And even the most seasoned writers have off-days (or, more commonly, off-books) where their writing becomes more tell than show and loses its impact.    So, how do you ensure that you’re showing and not telling? For me, the magic happens when I’m editing, so I don’t worry too much about the first draft. No one is going to see that but me, so it doesn’t really matter how bad it is. When I’m editing, I’m ruthless. In fact, the more books I publish, the more ruthless I get - because, seriously, I cringe when I read back my first (traditionally) published novels and wonder how on earth they managed to get published in the first place. When I’m editing, I distance myself from the writing and imagine I’m a reader, not a writer. I get bored easily, which is a good thing when I’m looking for too much tell and not enough show. If I’m bored, there’s too much tell. What works for me may not work for you (so I’m not promising anything here). You need to find what works for you. However, when you’re editing, think of Chekhov’s words. Are you writing sentences like â€Å"the moon was shining brightly†? Bo-ring! Isn’t â€Å"the glint of light on broken glass† so much more evocative? That’s what takes you from a regular writer to a masterful writer. 2. Storm Through the First Draft - and Don’t Look Back Do you know what one of the biggest stumbling blocks for would-be authors is? The fear of the blank page. I’ve worked with hundreds of writers in my years as a writing coach, and it seems to be a universal fact that the black page (or the blinking cursor) keeps a lot of people from ever realizing their writing dreams. Don’t let that happen to you! Fearing the blank page is a totally irrational fear, but it can be crippling. You probably know exactly what I’m talking about - sitting at the computer or with a notebook in front of you for hours, worrying about somehow starting your story wrong. Here’s a secret I learned from bestselling author James Patterson: There’s no such thing as starting your story wrong. The only way you can start your story wrong is if you quit and never start it at all. Beating that fear of the blank page has one simple solution: start writing. It doesn’t matter how bad it is. It doesn’t matter whether you scrap scenes later when you’re editing. The most important thing is to get words - any words - on the page. Never edit while your writing your first draft. The moment you start editing, you start questioning yourself, and that can stall the writing process all over again. So, start writing, get words on that page, and don’t you dare look back until you get to the end. 3. To Plan or Not to Plan, That is the Question This is one thing that can divide authors into two different camps - and the debates can be ferocious. I don’t want to start an all-out war, so I’m not going to tell you which camp I sit in. Instead, let’s look at both sides of the debate - and you can decide which you prefer. Just don’t make the mistake of discussing it with your writing buddies - it can get real ugly, real fast. First, let’s tackle the dedicated planners. Bestselling authors like James Ellroy and James Patterson are firmly entrenched in this camp. Ellroy, for example, writes a synopsis for his books that can be over 200 pages long. Likewise, Patterson, who writes several books a year, puts every plot detail into an outline before he starts writing his first draft. He reckons that makes it easier to start writing the first draft. What about the non-planners, or, the write-by-the-seat-of-their-pants camp of authors. British author Ian Rankin is one of these. For him, not having a plan for his novels means that writing is much more of an adventure. It’s a bit like the novel has a mind of its own and will control its own destiny - which is a pretty cool way of looking at it. Rankin’s first draft is an opportunity to get to know the characters, and that wouldn’t work if everything was planned in advance. 4. Building Your Writing Muscles You know how if you miss a week (or six) of your gym routine, getting back into the swing of it is a real struggle? The same goes for writing. Your writing ability is, in fact, a muscle, that, if not regularly exercised, will quickly atrophy. When you’ve missed a couple of gym sessions, have you ever noticed that it’s much harder to convince yourself to go back? Are you, perhaps, like me, who, once I’ve missed a couple of weeks, then there’s virtually no chance of me going back? The same can happen with writing. You can so easily get out of practice, out of the habit of daily writing, so when you do schedule time to write, you almost have to force yourself to do something that you love to do. It’s not just about keeping up a routine, either. When you’re writing fiction, writing every day keeps your relationship with your characters fresh and the plot tight. For horror-writer extraordinaire Stephen King, a daily writing habit is essential for the successful completion of a manuscript. 5. Disconnect From Distractions The internet is amazing. It connects us to like-minded people on the other side of the world, makes researching facts for your fiction an absolute breeze, and allows you to easily communicate with your fans. But for writers, the internet is also the biggest enemy of creativity and productivity. Smartphones have made the situation even worse. There are so many distractions. Social media notifications, email notifications, websites that steal our time and give us nothing in return. The number of hours I’ve lost to aimless internet browsing is embarrassing. I’m easily distracted, and since I can’t get back the hours that I’ve lost, I now resolve to disconnect from all potential distractions. When I’m working on a novel, I deliberately turn off the WiFi. Not on my computer - it’s much too easy to turn that back on. I turn off the router, because I’m less likely to give in to temptation if I have to go downstairs to reconnect to the internet. If turning off your WiFi isn’t practical, or you have other family members to think about, a distraction-free device like Freewrite may be the perfect solution for you. With no browser to distract you, you can focus on the craft of writing - and see your productivity levels soar! 6. Creating Complex Characters One of the major keys to quality fiction is characters that your readers can really care about. Creating three-dimensional characters that seem as if they could walk right off the page is a skill that can be difficult to develop. I love to read - but there’s nothing so disappointing as a book full of flat, cardboard-cutout characters. Even the best, most riveting plotline can’t save those books for me. You’ve probably noticed that human beings can be unpredictable. For your characters to be believable, then, they also need to be unpredictable. It’s important that you’re able to show different sides to your characters because that’s how your readers get to know them. For example, beginner writers often make the mistake of having villainous characters that only ever show their menacing side. However, that kind of predictability makes villains too easy to forget - and you want your characters to stick in the minds of your readers long after they’re finished reading the book. Think about it - what’s more memorable: the villain who only ever does nasty things, or the villain who’s nasty 90% of the time but spends every Sunday afternoon teaching his kid brother self-defense? 7. The Movie Reel in Your Mind Screenwriters are usually able to make the switch to writing fantastic fiction quite easily, but fiction writers don’t find it so easy to write scripts. That’s not always the case, and there are always exceptions to the rule, but there is a really good reason why that’s the case. Writing for the screen means having a kind of birds’ eye view of your story, picturing every detail as if the movie is already made and running on a reel in your mind’s eye. When I coach writers who are struggling with mastering story elements like point of view (POV) and bringing their stories to life on the page, I often recommend a short course in scriptwriting. Having to constantly think about whose point of view each scene is from and focus on the details of the setting, what characters are doing as they speak, and even what’s visible at the edge of the shot is great practice for writing realistic fiction that really draws your readers in. There are short courses in screenwriting that you can find online - such as courses on Udemy - and it’s worth trying these out to see for yourself how your writing can improve when you’re running every scene through the movie reel in your mind. 8. Follow Your Characters Wherever They Lead If you fall into the camp of painstaking planners we discussed earlier, this one may make you feel a bit uncomfortable. Planners don’t like to take diversions. But if you’ve never had the joyful pleasure of allowing your characters to take your story in a different direction, then you’re missing something really quite exhilarating. Sometimes it doesn’t work out, and you have to go back, but other times your characters take you on an adventure of discovery that allows you to share the same sense of excitement and anticipation that your readers get to experience. To be able to follow your characters, though, you have to bring them to life on the page. It’s the larger-than-life characters that take you on the best adventures - and help you to discover the true depths of your own imagination. I love to read books that suddenly head off in an unexpected direction because I know that the author has been on one of those wonderful adventures - and their writing is so much richer for it. Never be afraid to see where your characters want to take you - what’s the worst that could happen? 9. Live Your Character’s Life Has your character eaten today? I’m serious. Have they? Did they shower this morning? You might be thinking that I’ve lost the plot (pardon the pun) but the details of your characters lives matter to your readers. Or, at least, they should. I’ve lost count of the number of manuscripts I’ve reviewed for coaching clients where I’ve started to get seriously concerned about the characters. No, I don’t need to know each time a character takes a bathroom break, but your characters need to have some level of humdrum in their lives to be believable. A really effective tool you can use to see how believable your characters’ everyday lives are is to try to live your character’s life for a day. If you get to the end of the day and you’re exhausted and grumpy because you’ve been dashing around all over the place without eating a single meal, then you might be able to see the cracks in the believability. Regular things have to happen as well as the exciting things that keep the plot moving forward - or your readers might start losing interest. 10. If You Don’t Read Regularly You’ve No Business Being a Writer That may sound a little controversial - and I am aware that there are some bestselling authors who insist that they cannot possibly read anyone else’s fiction while they’re working on their own novels. If I’m honest, I used to worry about how reading novels would affect my writing - until I realized that not reading was worse for my craft than reading ever could be. Not only does immersing yourself in another author’s creation offer the opportunity to relax and unwind, but it helps you hone your craft. Even if the book you’re reading is terrible, there’s something you can learn from it (like how not to write a novel). Reading books that bestselling authors have written is an excellent way of developing your own skills. You can enjoy a book and learn from it at the same time. Recognize the techniques that have the most power. Discover ways of using language that you haven’t considered before. Examine the pacing and the plot twists and all the myriad ways that authors show instead of telling - and pillage and plunder those same techniques for your own writing. Bonus Tip - Write For Yourself One of the biggest mistakes you can make as an author is to start to worry about what other people are going to think about your masterpiece. The moment you start staring into that particular black hole, you’re setting up a whole load of trip-wires for yourself. Don’t worry about who might - or might not - read your novel. Don’t give them a second thought - not while you’re writing. Write your novel for you. Enjoy it. Savor it. When you get too focused on the mysterious ‘potential reader’ you start questioning and second-guessing yourself, until your creativity gives a big sigh and stomps off in frustration - leaving you staring hopelessly at that flashing cursor on the blank page - right back where you started.

Summarize the geologic history of the Mojave National Preserve Essay

Summarize the geologic history of the Mojave National Preserve - Essay Example A low, moving cloud of ash and some rock fragments spread out at extremely high speed across the nearby areas. Some of the rock fragments were approximately 60 feet across this preserve (Glazner et al. 15). The hot ash buried every living thing that was along its path, while the magma spread across a region of approximately 600 kilometers, and the hot rock and ash segments welded together when they reached the ground. Some of the rocks, exposed at the preserve, are from 16.5 to 1.4 billion years ago. They consist of metamorphic rocks, derived from the pre-existing volcanic, sedimentary, and igneous rocks. Some of these rocks have extremely high-grade metamorphic textures and minerals that are because of the high pressures and temperature that are typical of crust 20-40km below the earth’s surface (Glazner et al 16). The preserve has several admirable sceneries; the rocks form a prominent place for a tour, and through the vast and complex history of how the preserve came about to be formed, one cannot but appreciate the beauty of the

Jihadism constituted a radical break from earlier traditions of Essay

Jihadism constituted a radical break from earlier traditions of Islamism - Essay Example Jihad has a very long history in Islamic world and it started since it was allowed under the basic tenets of Islam. This was done in order to allow Prophet (PBUH) so that the religion can be spread and the power and strength of Islam as a religion and Muslims as a community can be established. In order to understand the concepts of Jihad as outlined in the Islam and as they are being practiced now, it is really critical to understand the overall concept of Jihad and how it has been outlined by the Islam in it original principles. Further, it is also critical to explore as to how the Jihad is being conceived and practiced now and whether there is a drift from the earlier established principles or not. It has been argued that the Jihad as it is practiced now is a complete shift from the earlier traditions of Islam and is now believed to be practiced in a manner which marks a complete shift from the same. Whether this is the case or not or whether Jihad is exactly practiced the way earl ier traditions outlined is the topic which this paper will attempt to explore and discuss. The literal meaning of the word Jihad in Arabic is struggle and is a noun in Arabic language. The word Jihad has appeared in the Quran for more than 40 times however, indirect references to the metaphysical meanings of the word have also been made in Quran on various occasions. Quranic interpretation of Jihad therefore indicates a struggle in the way of Allah and is considered as one of the important religious duties for the Muslims. There are various instances in Muslim history in which Prophet (PBUH) has considered doing Jihad under different conditions. The overall importance which has been attached to it is because it is not only mentioned in Quran but it was also practiced by the Prophet (PBUH) himself. (Burgat & Dowell, 1993) There are various instances in the Islamic history wherein Prophet (PBUH) has specifically mentioned that the greater Jihad is the struggle against one’s own desires. Based on this, Jihad is therefore often divided into two categories i.e. lesser Jihad and greater Jihad or Jihad e Akbar. Greater Jihad is often referred to the notion where a pious Muslim has to strive against his wishes and ego and make a complete surrender to the Will of Allah. Such surrendering to the will of Allah and renunciation of the worldly wishes is therefore given a greater significance in Islam as compared to the waging a lesser Jihad in the way of Allah. It is also argued that Jihad has also been named as a process to bring a balance between Islam, faith and righteous living. This so called spiritual struggle is still considered as one of the fundamental aspects of defining the Jihad and its right context. This concept is relatively more critically in order to accurately trace down the differences between the Jihad as described in the earlier traditions of Islam and how it is being practiced now. The visible differences between the approach of the moderate Mu slims and more fundamentalist Muslims towards the interpretation of Jihad and its actual place in ordinary Muslim Life is one of the fundamental arguments which need to be discussed further. Jihad is often used within three different contexts i.e. jihad or struggle to correct oneself and fight with oneself in order to correct the faith of an individual, Jihad in order to improve the Muslim society and Jihad as a holy war. It is this third concept of jihad as a holy war which has attracted much of the significance and importance over the period of time because of its direct and indirect influences on the other communities i.e. non- Muslims. The original concept of Jihad and its allowing in Quran is often considered as the time

Jesus Dual Nature Are Divine And Human At Once Religion Essay

Jesus Dual Nature Are Divine And Human At Once Religion Essay Being one of the enigmatic figures in history and in the Bible, the person of Jesus Christ is the Second Person of the Most Holy Trinity, the Son or the Word of the Father. More importantly, he is characterised by his dual nature which are divine and human at same time. Despite the trend of a new quest for the historical Jesus by Kasemann in 1950-1980s, this paper will mainly focus on the biblical interpretation of Jesus as Christ of Faith. Hence, this paper will concentrate on how Jesus was portrayed in the Bible and in Christology (from Greek christos) and who Jesus Christ is from a theological perspective. At the end of this essay, I will deal with the implications of the Christian doctrine on the person of Jesus. Jesus himself suggests his pre-existence in a number of texts in the New Testament. He said he had glory with the father before the world was (John 17:5), which implied his existence prior to all things.  [1]  The prophecies on Christ in the Old Testament encompass his birth place, the fact that he would be born of a Virgin Mother, death and resurrection. It must be noted at the first place that Jesus is not half God and half man; instead, he is fully divine and fully man at the same time, i.e. he has a dual nature. He is not merely a human being who neither had God within him nor is he God who manifested his principle through a physical person, rather, the two distinct natures co-exist and unit in the person of Jesus, which is also called the hypostatic union.  [2]   Jesus is represented as the seed of the woman, the son of David and the prince of pastors. The following features demonstrate Jesus inherent humanity: he was called man (Mark 15:39; John 19:5), has a body of flesh and bones (Luke 24:39) and was tempted (Matt. 4:1). He had human emotions such as distress and sorrow; he was equally subject to hunger. More significantly, he had a human soul (Luke 23:46) and died. I shall leave the issue of the son of man and resurrection of Jesus later in this paper. For the present, it seems self-evident that Jesus identified himself with men and was truly man. He was explicitly named the servant who offered himself for the sins of the entire world, suffered and sacrificed himself as the One representing all human beings. This fully human aspect of Jesus received support from arianism and ebionitism, which viewed Christ as a man born naturally, but was rejected by docetism arguing that the human features of Christ were mere appearances.  [3]  The G nostics also denied to Jesus a true human nature. Nonetheless, the above views were both rejected at Church Councils and the idea of the union of the two separate natures in one person was upheld. Besides this emphasis on Jesus true humanity, there has always been stressed that he was sinless. In this sense, he was distinguished from other human beings and he could not be simply said to be the wisest or greatest man at his time, as he was fundamentally different from his fellows (1 John 1:9). The deity of Christ: the divine and transcendent aspect of Jesus Despite the emphasis on Jesus true humanity, there is little doubt about the divinity of Christ. It was clearly taught in the Bible that Jesus was regarded as more than human: he was called God (John 20:28) and Son of God (Mark 1:1), was worshiped (Matt. 2:2) and honored the same as the Father (John 5:23), was omniscient (John 21:17) and resurrects (John 5:39). Son of God, Son of Man Being called the Son of God and Son of Man in the New Testament, Jesus seemed to receive these titles so as to fulfil a messianic purpose. Jesus does not refer to himself as the Son of God, rather, he was named so by the heavenly voice at his baptism.  [4]  The term was also frequently used in the Pauline gospels. This title is clearly connected to a messianic purpose: whilst accepting it, Jesus assumed to be the Son of the Father become One with the Father both in activity and will (i.e. the rightful Son in nature, whereas men can only become sons of God by adoption). Hence, he assumed his roles of saving and judging. More interestingly, in the gospels of John, he equally referred to himself as the Son of Man. It seems that this enigmatic title was mainly used in three different contexts: 1) to address the prophet Ezekiel (e.g. Ezekiel 2)1 to refer to humanity in general and his humility (Psalm 8:14) to refer to a figure representing the end of history.  [5]  Hence, it seems that he used this title when he emphasised his authority and power of judging. Lord The statement Jesus Christ is Lord (Greek kyrios, Hebrew adonai) is frequently used in the New Testament: Thomas called the resurrected Jesus My Lord and my God! (John 20:28), so does the Father: Your throne, O God, will last for ever and ever. (Hebrews 1:8).  [6]  Interestingly, McGarth noted in her Christian Theology that in Torah readings, Lord had become synonymous with God in Jewish thinking by the time of Jesus, which might justify Jews refusal to address the Roman emperor as Lord.  [7]  Thereby, Jesus is more than a charismatic figure but the saviour of the world (Luke 2:1); people could pray to him as they would pray to God and worship God. More importantly, Jesus received honor and glory from the Father and reveals the Father: Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father. (John 14:9) (329-330) Word In the expectations of classical wisdom, Jesus is not only considered as fulfilment of the Law, but also as the logos (word), i.e. the mediator between the seen and unseen worlds.  [8]  In the gospels of John, Jesus is described as the Word who was God and was with God and was made flesh, (The Word became flesh (John 1:14), which confirms again the intrinsic dual nature in the person of Jesus. The incarnation and three offices of Christ The threefold office of Christ was first formulated by John Calvin as (1) Prophet; (2) Priest, and (3) King.  [9]  Different from the prophet in the traditional sense, Jesus is both gave revelation from God and was himself revelation from God  [10]  , and this may explain why the title of prophet is absent in the epistles. As an unconventional priest, Jesus fulfilled his office by offering himself as sacrifice for peoples sin. In his role of King, he reveals God to men (John 1:18); saves sinners (Gal 1:4) and judges men (Acts 17:31), accomplishes Gods work including saving (Matt 1:23), raising the dead (John 5:25) and building his church (Matt 16:18). He rules over the entire universe with wisdom and justice, and shall return as the King of Kings (Rev 19:16). Resurrection The resurrection which was recorded in all four gospels remains as a debatable topic in Christology: how to understand that Jesus rose from the dead, physically in the same body in which he had died? Should we interpret the word resurrection in a physical sense or a spiritual one? Despite the earlier doctrine of soteriology which consists in regeneration of individuals, it now seems appropriate to say that the testimony of Jesus resurrection by the disciples (Look at my hands and my feet; see that it is I myself. Touch me and see; for a ghost does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have. Cf: Luke: 24:36-43) only confirms a faith in Jesus resurrection that had its origins in independent acts of divine revelation.  [11]  Scholars such as R. Bultmann argue that the disciples experience is too supernatural to be ascertainable, whereas K. Barth and S. Kierkegaard argued that the resurrection was merely literal in the Bible and could not be experienced by ordinary human beings and can only be accepted by faith alone.  [12]   Although it is difficult to reconcile the interpretation of Christs resurrection as a bodily one in the early Christian doctrine, it must be recognised that this interpretation is core to Christian ethical life and reflects the hope that Jesus as the Son of God and the King of Kings will return with great glory to rule over the cosmos, judge the dead and establish his kingdom (Rev 19:11).  [13]   Implications of the doctrine It appears that the interpretation and understanding of Jesus in the Bible and Christology have various ethical ramifications. As what you believe affects what you do, the life of Jesus and his self-sacrificial love provides the reader with ethical teaching and affects his whole life. As H. R. Mackintosh rightly pointed out: When we come to know God in the face of Jesus Christ, we know that we have not seen that Face elsewhere, and could not see it elsehow. Christ is the Way, the Truth and the Life, and there is no door, nor way, leading to the Father but by him.  [14]   (Word count: 1655 words)

Commitment based performance: a case of primary education Essay

An emergency meeting was called by the CEO Mr. Khan. ZK, MK and HK immediately reported to the call by their father. Entering the board room all three children saw a tensed expression on their fathers face. On settling down in the board room all three children were presented a paper showing an increase in dropout rate of students, and two more resignation letters in the last one month of their well trained permanent staff. Mr.Khan had just come out from an informal post resignation interview, which was his usual practice, and told his children that despite being the pioneers in school systems in their region they are losing their student body and trained staff that they had invested in for training upon inception. Excellence teachers had no major reason to leave the job except for a Rs. 500-800 offered more at one of the major competitors, and that the workload was to much to handle for one teacher in a class. Mr. Khan transformed his vision onto a living reality on the ground- a living breathing functioning system- Excellence School System. He had put two of his children in the education field so that they could help him out in his dream project of converting his school system into a university. But with decreasing student enrollments and increasing teacher turnover he couldn’t see his child drown away and he does nothing. Background Mr and Mrs majeed, founder members of The Excellence School Systems started the school on self owned premises in 1952 with 23 students at initial enrolling and since then it has grown in size of its building, student and teacher population. In 1960 the school was up graded from primary level to middle level. The school was exempted from the nationalization reforms of 1972. And within a short time the administration was passed on into the hands of their daughter and son in law. Under their management the school expanded itself to incorporate the B. Ed and the M. Ed programs. At present the school has three branches in Bahawalpur, has three buildings in each compound. It also has grounds where children can play cricket, volley ball, football and basketball. There are three computer laboratories which have fifty computers in all. There are four libraries with about 10,000 books in all, and two science laboratories. Besides the scholastic work, the school appears to take pride in a variety of co-curricular activities such as, early morning assembly, sports, arts and crafts, wood work, debates, speech competitions and poetry competitions, magazine work, quiz competitions, educational trips, a yearly school fair, science and art exhibitions, and project days. Excellence School System. At the time of this research the school had a student population of 1000 boys and girls, with a total staff of 150 of which majority are female teachers. The students all belonged to a particular community and came from the locality in which the school was situated. The students entered school at age four to class Montessori and left at age 15 after completing class X. Recently with the increased competition being given to the school by the more schools added to the province catering to the increased population. The school faced a decrease in student enrollments, increase in dropout rate and a high turnover rate prevailing in the region itself. Bahawalpur has in total 2234 registered schools of which majority are 70 % government schools and 30% private school systems that offer o-level facility and the number has increased from 2000-2013. The school enrollments during the last 6 years have deteriorated and a lot of drop outs during 2000-2012, from 1500-1000 students currently enrolled. With increased competition the school was to change its matriculation system to O-levels. And for this it needed the infrastructure and funding (already available but left idle), curricula and above all trained teachers. What was lacking was the availability of permanent trained teacher, teachers’ workload, individual attention to each child and their teaching methodology. Teachers, relying on the textbook, normally gave lecture notes to students who are expected to memorize them with little or no attention given to understanding the content. Thus teachers have become textbook dependent and are overwhelmingly concerned to complete the syllabus so their students have at the least ‘covered’ the course content. In a rural area like Bahawalpur where the gross income of family is on average 15000 and any additional contribution is valued. Majority of the females in Bahawalpur prefer to teach after completion of their basic education. Women participation is regarded as a family decision, in which entry to and exit from the job market is not related directly to her. The importance of women participation in economic activities is evident from the fact that, there is a positive relationship between women productive work and the level of development achieved, the more they earn the more they are valued in the family, resulting in whenever they are offered a higher income from another school based in the same locality they shift immediately. The school earlier started Montessori to grade VI training facility to its existing teachers. The strategy used to train teachers was to involve them in workshops conducted during the annual vacation. Various local teacher training agencies and individual experts were invited to conducted workshops. Not surprisingly, it emerged that there was very little uptake of the training provided and no effect was evident in teachers’ classroom practices. Alongside the teacher development workshop program, school heads were required by the school management to guide teachers in the implementation of a number of changes in the teaching methodology, syllabus planning, conducting examinations, admission policy and communication strategies with management, colleagues, students, parents and community. The School itself was continuing to pay the teacher’s salary during the vacation training therefore not only investing in the development of the teacher but to take cognizance of the pressures on teachers to financially support their families Also to improve education in the school was the development of an English language improvement program. The school had begun a drive to work in the medium of english soon after denationalization. Nationalized schools had been required to use the national language, Urdu, as the medium of instruction along with the provincial language. Mathematics and science were the first to be taught in English. The English language improvement program was not sustained as teachers did not perceive its relevance to their teaching and the language workshops were considered an extra burden on teachers who were already overloaded with various tasks at school and had social and family responsibilities outside of the school. However, many challenges confront the school where most children come from poor and difficult family backgrounds. For example, in each class there are widely different ability groups. Teachers continue to face the challenge of providing individual attention and equal learning opportunities for all students. There are several reasons that have been identified by the school that yields this high turnover rate: change of residence due to marriage; a heavy workload; use of holidays for teachers’ professional development activities; and better remuneration elsewhere. No doubt this has been disruptive to students, parents, and especially to the school who have had to keep training and inducting new teachers into the school’s improvement model. The consequence has been that less attention is then given to teaching and learning improvements in the classroom and from ongoing development work, discontinuation of the training programs but with the inculcation of the O-level stream they had to train their teachers to a level equal to the competing schools in the same area. Many of the key structures necessary for sound, sustainable, and effective teacher training are in place. However, they are not working as planned, and are risking being too great in quantity. The children were asked to leave their positions they were currently hired at and to join the school as head trainers and senior teachers. What was put forward to the CEO were a couple of options in order to start the O-level stream into the school system. A full in service training program to the existing teachers during the summer vacations conducted by their sons and daughter who are presently working in well reputed universities in Punjab. Pre-service training: The methodology of most of the trainings would be a lecture-based format, where teachers would observe a trainer teaching a class or showing techniques. This would also include student-teachers teaching in large, crowded single-classroom. These teachers would therefore gain the exposure to the practical realities that they would have to deal with once they begin teaching on their own. Would work towards how to design lessons, conduct classroom lectures, conducting class assignments, working towards individual assistance on child buildup and knowledge of child cognitive development and how children learn is important In-service training: Teachers would actually spent 2 of 3 days working in groups designing lessons, conducting model lessons to the group, and then receive constructive criticism. Content knowledge is important in order to teach subject matter to children well. Teachers need to have the opportunity for analysis and reflection on their teaching also peer networking would be are integral in addressing teacher motivation and improvement in teaching. Teachers would be sent to training institutions. They would be required to learn how to design class rooms. Alongside the training program offered pre-service and in-service, there has to be a way to retain the teachers to serve them after required training. A revision of remuneration has to be considered which has been a major factor in high turnover rate in the region. The approval letter had been received from the british council to incorporate O-level into their educational system, but with the level of employee turnover it was difficult to decide whether to start it or not or just continue with matriculation, for which the demand was deteriorating fast. Mr. Khan had already worked on the funding of the school for increased facilities and incorporation of the O-level system with increased investment in curricula. Competition raising on one end it was difficult to retain students and teachers in Excellence. He had to take a decision. |Alpina School | | |Government Girls High School | | |Dominican Convent High Secondary School | | |Government High School | | |Govt Girls High School | | |Govt Higher Seconday School | | |Islamic Model School | | |Jinnah Public School | | |New Pioneer High School | | |Noman Model School | | |Tameer-E-Nou Public School | | |SADIQ PUBLIC SCHOOL | | |Govt. Primary School 5-Marla Scheme | | |Govt. Masque School Aalam Rab Nawaz | | |Govt. Masque School Aali Wahan |2 branches | |Govt. High School Abbas Nagar | | |Govt. Masque School Aaqil Pur | | |Govt. Primary School Abbas Arbi |2 branches | |Govt. Primary School Abbas Pur | | |Govt. Masque School Abdul Ghaffar | | |Govt. Primary School Abdul Ghanni | | |Govt. Primary School Abdul Khaliq Farash | | |Govt. Primary School Abdul Shakoor | | | | | View as multi-pages TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT High school, School, Public school, Primary education, Education, Secondary school, Teacher, School types RELATED DOCUMENTS Primary Education †¦ Primary Education in India The Government of India in 2001 launched the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), a nationwide programme to provide universal primary education, thereby encouraging secondary education also. The Center passed The Right to Education Act in 1 April 2010, which guarantees free and compulsory education to every child in the 6-14 age groups. But, the lack of awareness on the†¦ 1819 Words | 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT The roles of PARENTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION on teaching and learning performance in primary schools. †¦ ANDLEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS. [A Case Study of Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State. ] BY SOLIU, ABUBAKAR OLAIYA MATRICNO: PT/11/27100 PRIMARY EDUCATION STUDIES A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, ADENIRAN OGUNSANYA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, LAGOS. IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NIGERIA CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION (N. C. E) AUGUST,2014†¦ 1819 Words | 84 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Primary Education †¦ key developments affecting the delivery of the primary education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. 1 Teaching material†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. 1. 1 Books†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. 1. 2 Equipments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. 1. 3 Websites†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2. 2 Teachers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 2. 3 Regional differences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 3 The environmental and market forces of primary education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 3. 1 Environmental of†¦ 1819 Words | 14 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Primary Education †¦ Role Of Teachers In Child’s Development At The Primary School Level â€Å"If you have knowledge, let others light their candles at it. â€Å" ~Margaret Fuller Every paradox of life is the product of its heredity and environment. where each is necessary to the result as the other. Neither of them can be eliminated or isolated. Education is an environmental force which influences a child’s life dominantly. Education by all norms is an endeavor, to mould†¦ 1819 Words | 5 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Outcome Based Education †¦ OOUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION: PRINCIPLES AND POSSIBILITIES Dr Roy Killen Faculty of Education, University of Newcastle, Australia This paper explores some of the basic principles of outcomes-based education and relates them to the Australian school and vocational education context. It is intended to help teachers 2 understand how they can translate the theory and philosophy of OBE into practical action†¦ 1819 Words | 42 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Education †¦? 1. What is the purpose of education? To transmit culture? To provide social and economic skills? To develop critical thinking skills? To reform society? 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To create patriotic,†¦ 1819 Words | 2 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Education †¦ review of competencies, skills, theories and approaches 3) Bureaucratic Views 4) Theory X and Theory Y 5) The Systems Theory 6) The Contingency Theory 7) Role Theory 8) Paradigm 1: Christian scientific education management 9) Paradigm 2: Education management 10) Paradigm 3: Education governance and management 11) Collegiality Theory 12) What should Effective Educational Management look like in schools? 13) Conclusion 14) Reference†¦ 1819 Words | 12 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT education †¦ young learners Introduction The pedagogy of play can be hard to understand and part of the reason for this is it’s so difficult to explain how children learn by play because play isn’t simply; it is complex. Each child begins their early childhood education with a set of skills and prior knowledge that is influenced by their family, culture and past experiences (Fellows &Oakley, 2010). The past knowledge should become the foundation for developing an understanding of†¦ 1819 Words | 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT CITE THIS DOCUMENT APA (2013, 09). Commitment based performance: a case of primary education.

A List of Famous African-Americans Who Spent Time in Africa

Lewis And Clark s Journal Of Exploration - 956 Words

1. The document â€Å"Lewis and Clark’s Journal of Exploration Excerpt† was written by Lewis and Clark s in the form of a journal. Meriwether Lewis was a captain of the regular army who had extensive frontier experience. (Lewis, 1) With him would be William Clark, Clark was a former lieutenant in the army who was recommissioned as a commander for the â€Å"corps discovery† (Lewis, 1). Along with forty or fifty men. The one thing that made Lewis and Clark different was they were both nature fanatics. Two men with military backgrounds with a love for nature along with forty or fifty other men were set out to go study and strengthen relationships with tribes along the Mississippi river. 2. The intended audience for this journal is President Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson our third president of the United States of America asked Lewis and Clark to gain information about the Indian tribes along the Mississippi river. He wanted Lewis and Clark to; â€Å"inform the natives government’s acquisition, establish friendly relations with them, and record their languages and ways† and lastly he asked them to see if they could find a viable trade route along the Mississippi. (Lewis, 1) 3. The author is illustrating what’s happening in their journey in the new world. One could say that it is a documentary about the new world. Lewis and Clark are very specific in the things that they say in the document. For example, some mornings they would say which way the wind is blowing by saying â€Å"INSERT QUOTEShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Journey Of Meriwether Lewis And William Clark1011 Words   |  5 PagesMeriwether Lewis and William Clark as they explore the American West. 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